Effect of copper on the growth of shrimps Litopenaeus vannamei: water parameters and copper budget in a recirculating system     

程波  刘鹰  杨红生  宋怿  李贤 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(5):1092-1104

Shrimps( Litopenaeus vannamei) were intensively cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system for 98 days to investigate effects of 0.3 mg/L Cu on its performance, Cu budget, and Cu distribution. Shrimps in Cu-treated systems had greater mean final weight(11.10 vs 10.50 g), body length(107.23 vs 106.42 mm), survival rate(67.80% vs 66.40%), and yield(6.42 vs 5.99 kg/m 3), and lower feed conversion ratio(1.20 vs 1.29) than those in control systems but the differences were not significant. Vibrio numbers remained stable(10 4 –10 6 colony forming units/mL) in the rearing tanks of both control and treated systems. Total ammonium-N, nitrite-N, nitrate-N, pH, chemical oxygen demand, 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids were similar in controls and treatments. Dissolved Cu concentration in the treated systems decreased from 0.284 to 0.089 mg/L while in the control systems it increased from 0.006 2 to 0.018 mg/L. The main sources of Cu in the treated systems were the artificially added component(75.7% of total input), shrimp feed(21.0%), water(2.06%), and shrimp biomass(1.22%). The major outputs of Cu occurred via the mechanical filter(41.7%), water renewal(15.6%), and draining of the sediment trap(15.1%). The foam fractionator removed only 0.69% of total Cu input. Harvested shrimp biomass accounted for 11.68% of Cu input. The Cu concentration of shrimps in the Cu-treated systems(30.70 mg/kg wet weight) was significantly higher than that in control systems(22.02 mg/kg). Both were below the maximum permissible concentration(50 mg/kg) for Cu in seafood for human consumption in China. Therefore, recirculating systems can be used for commercial on-growing of Litopenaeus vannamei without loss of shrimp quality, even in water polluted by 0.30 mg/L Cu. The mechanical filter is the main route for Cu removal.  相似文献   

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定铜精矿中7种稀有金属元素   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

燕娜  赵生国  赵伟  郑红文 《岩矿测试》2014,33(2):197-202

准确快速测定铜精矿中7种稀有金属元素（镓铟锗硒碲铊镧）的分布情况对于铜精矿的综合利用及减少技术性贸易壁垒等方面具有重要意义,因锗和铊等目标元素含量低至10^-7级,要求分析方法具有高灵敏度。本文应用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱方法实现了7种稀有金属元素的快速准确测定。以盐酸-硝酸混合酸（体积比3：2）作为样品的微波消解试剂,选取合适的分析质量、调谐仪器及数学校正方程等三种方式消除质谱干扰。在优化的实验条件下,目标元素加标回收率为80.2%~123.3%,相对标准偏差小于13.4%。硒的检出限为1.3 mg/kg,另外6种目标元素的检出限均低于0.08 mg/kg。本法目标元素的检出限均低于电感耦合等离子体发射光谱或原子吸收光谱法测定相应元素的检出限。该方法降低了试剂空白,简化了操作流程,提高了分析灵敏度,实现了铜精矿目标元素的同时分析。  相似文献   

云南普洱大平掌铜多金属矿床成矿特征与成矿模式          下载免费PDF全文

汝珊珊 《地质与勘探》2014,50(1):48-57

[摘 要] 大平掌铜多金属矿属火山喷流沉积矿床,发育V1和V2两类矿体,其中,V1矿体为块状硫化物矿体,V2矿体为细脉浸染状矿体,二者构成VHMS型矿床所具有的“上层-下脉”及“上黑-下黄”的空间矿化结构。本文通过研究区域地质背景、成矿地质特征、结合矿区演化特点,建立大平掌铜矿成矿模式,对分析原特提斯期的铜多金属成矿作用及其类型,提升“三江”成矿带典型矿床研究水平,认识思茅盆地早古生代基底中的优势成矿类型、找矿潜力和找矿思路等,有重要的启示作用。  相似文献   

云南建水水草冲铜矿矿床地质特征及成矿物质来源          下载免费PDF全文

刘军港 《地质与勘探》2014,50(5):840-854

本文通过研究云南建水水草冲铜矿地质特征、围岩玄武岩和矿石矿物的微量元素、S、C、O同位素的组成,示踪了该矿床的成矿物质来源和性质。研究结果表明,云南建水水草冲铜矿位于滇东南哀牢山变质体北侧,容矿围岩为峨眉山玄武岩,矿体受北东向逆断层及其次级断裂控制,延深大于延长,形状不规则,矿体内多夹灰岩角砾及矿化玄武岩角砾,矿石矿物主要为黄铜矿,矿化蚀变以硅化、碳酸盐化、绿泥石化为主。水草冲铜矿黄铜矿与黄铁矿稀土元素具有相同的稀土元素组成与含量,ΣREE平均为1.901×l0-6,富集轻稀土元素,轻重稀土元素比(LREE/HREE)平均为8.188,（La/Yb）N值平均为10.259;δEu值平均为0.977;Ce呈现弱负异常,δCe值平均为0.808。黄铁矿中的Co/Ni比值为0.835,显示水草冲铜矿床为中温热液矿床;黄铁矿的Y/Ho比值平均为38.23,表明水草冲铜矿床的成矿流体为混合来源。结合黄铁矿的稀土微量元素特征,推断水草冲铜矿床的成矿流体是Cl多于F的流体。S的来源复杂,黄铁矿δ34SCDT（‰）的变化范围（18.3~29.4）与海水硫酸盐(海相蒸发岩)的δ34S值接近或略低;黄铜矿δ34SCDT（‰）变化范围是-0.5~10.1,表明有深部硫的参与。δ13C V-PDB（0.9‰~2.6‰）,δ18O V-SMOW（14.3‰~15.9‰）反映了方解石流体可能为热液循环萃取沉积岩地层混合形成。综上,推测成矿物质为后期构造热液萃取围岩（玄武岩和灰岩等）所得,其中铜主要来自于玄武岩本身,而硫的来源以地层硫为主。  相似文献   

云南普朗超大型斑岩铜矿床含矿斑岩成因及其成矿意义   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

曹康  许继峰  陈建林  黄肖潇  任江波 《矿床地质》2014,33(2):307-322

普朗超大型斑岩铜矿床位于三江特提斯构造域义敦弧南部的中甸弧内,形成于晚三叠世甘孜-理塘大洋板片向西俯冲的消减带上。与成矿作用密切相关的石英闪长岩和石英二长岩具有相似的化学组成,w（SiO₂）>61%,w（Al₂O₃）为11.28%~19.12%,w（MgO）为1.98%~4.04%,Na₂O/K₂O比值介于0.3~2.4（平均0.8）;富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、Sr、Ba）而亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Zr）,具有较高的Sr/Y（27~63）和La/Yb（14~31）比值,较明显的负Eu异常,在Y-Sr/Y和Yb-La/Yb图解中,部分样品落入埃达克岩范围内,另一些样品则落入正常弧钙碱性岩石范围。普朗含矿斑岩部分样品的埃达克岩地球化学属性可能与以下地质-地球化学过程有关：晚三叠世甘孜-理塘大洋板片向西俯冲时发生脱挥发分作用导致上覆地幔楔遭受流体交代,被流体交代的地幔楔随后发生部分熔融形成正常拉斑玄武质-钙碱性岩浆,这种钙碱性岩浆在岩浆房中或侵位过程中发生角闪石、斜长石和磷灰石等矿物的分离结晶作用形成埃达克质石英闪长岩或石英二长岩。普朗含矿斑岩中黑云母和角闪石斑晶的广泛发育表明原始岩浆是富水的,这种富水环境促进角闪石的大量结晶而抑制部分斜长石的结晶,导致残余岩浆的Sr/Y比值增加,从而使部分岩石样品具有埃达克岩的地球化学特征。这种富水的原始岩浆有利于后期岩浆热液体系的形成及铜等金属元素向流体相中分配转移,并最终形成普朗超大型斑岩铜矿床。  相似文献   

云南省祥云县存得村矿区冷风箐矿段与相邻矿区的类比分析     

吴亮 《地质与勘探》2014,50(Z1):1232-1241

存得村矿区冷风箐矿段位于马厂箐杂岩体南接触带,其产出的铜钼多金属矿总体受宝兴厂-铜厂向斜南翼斑岩脉（体）与围岩接触带附近的挤压破碎带控制,该挤压破碎带（碎裂岩带）为该矿段矿液的运移、矿体的赋存提供了良好的通道和赋存空间,并严格控制了铜、钼矿脉（体）的空间就位。但由于多期构造活动及多期次侵入岩体的影响使得该区地质情况复杂,加之工作年限短,地质工作程度低等因素使得如何取得找矿突破成为该区的首要目标。本文参照宝兴厂-铜厂铜钼矿、乱硐山铜钼矿的找矿成果及经验,同冷风箐矿段进行类比,结合2011工作成果进行综合分析,为下步地质工作提供了参考。  相似文献   

云南中甸红牛-红山矽卡岩型铜矿床矿物学特征与成矿作用   总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3  

彭惠娟  李洪英  裴荣富  张长青  周云满  田广  李建新  龙飞 《岩石学报》2014,30(1):237-256

红牛-红山矿床位于西南三江成矿带的中甸岛弧,是形成于晚燕山期的矽卡岩型铜矿床。矿区与成矿作用密切相关的石英二长斑岩中角闪石和黑云母斑晶的出现以及较高的含F量(分别为1.49%和2.62%),表明其岩浆为富H2O富挥发分熔体;石英斑晶具有港湾状、浑圆状的溶蚀表面和钾长石细晶外壳,并且显示了典型的骸晶状结构指示了其岩浆经历了快速上升侵位过程和岩浆热液的自交代作用;钻孔中岩浆热液角砾岩和大量石英细脉的出现暗示了岩浆在快速上侵过程中发生了隐爆作用,形成并出溶了含有大量F、Cl等组分的高盐度超临界流体。矽卡岩阶段石榴子石和透辉石具有明显的三个期次:早期细粒的钙铝榴石(And22-57)和角岩中的透辉石(Hd7-27)形成于少量高温气液岩浆流体与围岩的扩散交代作用;中期粗粒的钙铁榴石(And75-98)和次透辉石-钙铁辉石(Hd10-99)形成于大量高温、低氧逸度的岩浆流体与围岩的渗滤交代作用;晚期的钙铝榴石脉(And14-60)和钙铁辉石脉(Hd31-58)形成于低温、高氧逸度的早期交代残留溶液。矽卡岩矿物的生成,使碳酸盐围岩丢失CO2,矿物体积减少,孔隙度和渗透性增加,为成矿提供了条件。退化变质阶段的透闪石、阳起石、绿帘石、绿泥石等交代早期矽卡岩矿物,消耗了成矿流体中大量的CO2和H2O,生成含水矿物以及石英、方解石,使围岩裂隙愈合,孔隙流体压力增加,导致成矿流体沸腾,形成大量黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿、辉钼矿化。石英-硫化物阶段,由于成矿流体超压→流体沸腾,裂隙生成→减压排泄,裂隙愈合→流体超压的循环,在此过程中围岩经历了多次破裂和裂隙的愈合,直至整个成矿体系完全开放,并与大气水发生混合,使成矿流体中剩余金属最终沉淀。  相似文献   

安徽池州杨北寨铜矿与铜山铜矿等矿床的比较研究     

聂张星  宋向党 《安徽地质》2014,(2):108-114

杨北寨铜矿、施村金矿位于湖区,可利用的工作方法手段有限,找矿难度大。通过将以往所取得的两矿区片段地质资料的结合,在区域地质背景分析和与相邻的铜山铜矿成矿地质条件对比研究的基础上,明确找矿思路,进行预测定位,并经有效可行的物探方法再对比论证,优化设计方案。施工首孔于相应的设计部位打穿五通组顶板,各预测主要见矿部位均见矿体;其后的验证又获得很多重要发现:深部发现花岗闪长斑岩岩体、斑岩型钼矿化及赋存于不同部位的铜多金属矿化。经再次与相邻矿集区铜陵狮子山等矿田对比研究,认为杨北寨矿区具"多位一体"矿化特征,找矿潜力大,提出新的找矿思路,进行了新的预测定位;同时对池州其他地区的找矿也提出设想。  相似文献   

苏丹北部红海州16区块地质特征及找矿方法探讨     

李杰  周明岭  杨立新  于宪东  谭建刚  车迎房  姜帆 《山东地质》2014,(5):14-18

16区块位于苏丹北部红海州,区内已发现金矿点11处,铜矿点6处,优选出了4个成矿远景区,评价了小型金矿床1处。该文介绍了16区的成矿地质条件、矿化特征及矿化类型,以已评价的小型金矿床为例讨论了该区金矿成矿作用及控矿因素,指出该区具备良好的金铜矿成矿远景。针对该区实际情况提出遥感解译配合化探测量、物探测量是选勘查靶区的有效方法,地表槽探揭露配合中深部钻探控制是必要的勘查手段。  相似文献   

Geochemical Characteristics,Origin, and Evolution of Ore‐Forming Fluids of the Khut Copper Skarn Deposit,West of Yazd in Central Iran     

Azam Zahedi  Mohammad Boomeri  Kazuo Nakashima  Mohammad Ali Mackizadeh  Masao Ban  David R. Lentz 《Resource Geology》2014,64(3):209-232

The Khut copper skarn deposit is located at about 50 km northwest of Taft City in Yazd province in the middle part of the Urumieh‐Dokhtar magmatic arc. Intrusion of granitoid of Oligocene–Miocene age into carbonate rocks of the Triassic Nayband Formation led to the formation of marble and a calcic skarn. The marble contains high grade Cu mineralization that occurs mainly as open space filling and replacement. Cu‐rich sulfide samples from the mineralized marble are also anomalous in Au, Zn, and Pb. In contrast, the calcic skarn is only weakly anomalous in Cu and W. The calcic skarn is divided into garnet skarn and garnet–pyroxene skarn zones. Paragenetic relationships and microthermometric data from fluid inclusions in garnet and calcite indicate that the compositional evolution of skarn minerals occurred in three main stages as follows. (i) The early prograde stage, which is characterized by Mg‐rich hedenbergite (Hd_53.7Di_42.3–Hd_86.1Di_9.5) with Al‐bearing andradite (69.8–99.5 mol% andradite). The temperature in the early prograde skarn varies from 400 to 500°C at 500 bar. (ii) The late prograde stage is manifested by almost pure andradite (96.2–98.4 mol% andradite). Based on the fluid inclusion data from garnet, fluid temperature and salinity in this stage is estimated to vary from 267 to 361°C and from 10.1 to 21.1 wt% NaCl equivalent, respectively. Pyrrhotite precipitation started during this stage. (iii) The retrograde stage occurs in an exoskarn, which consists of an assemblage of ferro‐actinolite, quartz, calcite, epidote, chlorite, sphalerite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite that partially replaces earlier mineral assemblages under hydrostatic conditions during fracturing of the early skarn. Fluids in calcite yielded lower temperatures (T < 260°C) and fluid salinity declined to ～8 wt% NaCl equivalent. The last stage mineralization in the deposit is supergene weathering/alteration represented by the formation of iron hydroxide, Cu‐carbonate, clay minerals, and calcite. Sulfur isotope data of chalcopyrite (δ³⁴S of +1.4 to +5.2‰) show an igneous sulfur source. Mineralogy and mineral compositions of the prograde assemblage of the Khut skarn are consistent with deposition under intermediately oxidized and slightly lower fS₂ conditions at shallow crustal levels compared with those of other typical Fe‐bearing Cu–Au skarn systems.  相似文献